First, quote from the article
Time for U.S. Parents to Reconsider the Acceptability of Infant Male Circumcision, by Danish doctor Morten Frisch, published at
Huffington Post:
"Do the benefits of male circumcision outweigh the risks? The
U.S. Centers for Disease Control -- echoing the 2012 policy statement of the
American Academy of Pediatrics
-- have recently suggested that they do. What many Americans are not
aware of, however, is the fact that the United States is not just
unusual, but actually
unique
among developed nations in finding such widespread medical support for
infant male circumcision. This support originated in the late 1800s,
when doctors promoted the operation as a
"cure" for masturbation;
today it comes primarily from doctors' trade associations -- such as
the AAP -- that protect financial and other interests of physicians who
continue to perform such surgeries. Doctors in peer nations, by
contrast, along with the
medical associations that represent them, tend to see the U.S. circumcision ritual as more of a
cultural habit, not something rooted in sound medical science...
In recent years, more and more circumcised men have
begun speaking out in favor of leaving baby boys' penises intact.
According to one recent poll, fully 10 percent of circumcised U.S. men
wish they had
not been circumcised.
Many argue that future generations of boys and men should have the
chance to decide for themselves whether something as significant and
personal as an irreversible surgery on their sexual organ is what they
really want, when they reach an age of understanding.
But doesn't circumcision promote health and hygiene, as the AAP and CDC suggest? The short answer is
no.
In fact, only one health claim is even potentially relevant to young
boys in western countries: the claim that circumcised newborns may have
an approximately 1 percent lower absolute risk of getting a urinary
tract infection in the first 1-2 years of life. One possible explanation
might be the distinctly American habit of trying to retract young boys'
foreskins in order to wash their penises -- a practice that should
never be done, because retraction is unnecessary for proper hygiene in
infants and can cause small tears, which may increase the risk of
infection. But even if this "circumcision protects against UTIs" claim
is accepted, approximately
100 circumcisions
would have to be performed to prevent just one urinary tract infection.
Compare this to girls, who get urinary tract infections far more
frequently than boys do: no one proposes that we remove their labia or
their clitoral hood in infancy. We just prescribe antibiotics, when
necessary.
All of the other claimed health benefits apply to adolescents and men after their sexual debut. Consider
penile cancer.
A reduced risk of this disease is a favorite argument used in support
of circumcision. But penile cancer only develops in older men, and is so
rare in Western countries that it would take between 900 and more than
300,000 circumcisions according to
some estimates - with all the associated risks of surgery - to prevent just one case.
Other
claimed benefits of circumcision, including a lowered risk of HIV and
sexually transmitted infections, are based on studies of adult men --
not infants -- undergoing circumcisions in poor, African countries.
Making
health policies for newborn boys in
the United States based on studies of adult males in Africa is
scientifically unjustified. The situation in Europe, where most men are
not circumcised, provides an important insight: all of the diseases that
circumcision is claimed to prevent are about equally or even less
common there than in the United States. For example, the prevalence of
HIV/AIDS in the United States,
where most men are circumcised, is 2-6 times higher than in
non-circumcising countries of Northern Europe. While there are many
cultural and other variables that play into these differences, the point
is that the percentage of excised foreskins in a given population is
far from the most relevant factor...
Studies from western countries do suggest that
circumcision is associated with an increased risk of
adverse sexual experiences,
which even the CDC has recently acknowledged. Curiously, however, the
CDC failed to mention this important finding in their newly proposed
federal recommendations, made public in December of 2014.
What
about complications? It is often said that these are "low" for
circumcision, but there are at least two problems with this. First,
research into complications is surprisingly superficial: there is no
systematic mechanism in place to collect data on complications, and some
problems (like the removal of too much tissue to allow for a normal
erection) may take years to develop or recognize -- so they will never
be recorded in an official database. Second, our tolerance for risk
should be extremely low - in fact, close to
zero
- when we are talking about an unnecessary surgery performed on a
healthy individual before he can provide his consent. Each year,
thousands of U.S. boys undergo reparative penile surgery for
complications.
Clinical studies show that somewhere between 7 and 20 percent of
newborn boys undergoing circumcision will develop a potentially serious
complication called meatal stenosis, a narrowing of the urethral opening
on the tip of the penis that usually requires surgery. Ignoring this
fact, both the CDC and the AAP rely on poor quality register data to
conclude that there is less than a half-a-percent risk of complications
in newborn boys. Judged from the frequency of meatal stenosis alone,
this estimate is likely to be at least 14 times too low...
Based on both medical and
ethical considerations,
routine circumcision is not a sensible procedure in countries where
individual rights (like the right to bodily integrity) are more than a
political buzzword. Boys need cosmetic genital surgery no more than
girls do. And keeping one's intact genitals healthy and clean is simple
regardless of one's gender: mild soap and running water are all that is
needed. Cutting off a functional, protective and sensitive body part is a
far-reaching decision that the vast majority of Europeans believe
should be left to its owner when he becomes old enough to understand the
consequences. Despite the recent, backward-looking statements by U.S.
medical organizations, more and more Americans are beginning to agree."
Recently, a Florida mother named Heather Hironimus got in the news for refusing to circumcise her son. The boy, now 4, was born out of wedlock. Ms. Hironimus didn't want to marry the father Dennis Nebus and even tried to hide from him the baby's existence. To me, this shows pretty clearly how much the guy is worth. Unfortunately, today's push for "equal rights of both parents" and the bla-bla-bla about the tender heart of each and every father (read: adult male with functioning reproductive organs) increasingly puts women and vulnerable children under the power of abusive men, as in the bad old days and today's Third World. In this case, the father insisted to have a say in parenting and the two parents signed a court-approved parenting agreement which included circumcision of the boy.
However, the mother soon changed her mind, took her son and fled in order to prevent him for being circumcised. The saga dragged for 4 years but the end is near: "
In a remarkable turnaround after a week behind bars for contempt [of court]
and an
initial hearing in which she was ordered to remain jailed, court
reconvened and a sobbing Heather Hironimus signed paperwork giving
approval for the surgery, recoiling in tears and clasping her shackled
hands after it was done... Upon arriving in court Friday, shackled and wearing a navy blue jail
jumpsuit, Hironimus quietly invoked her Fifth Amendment rights when
asked if she had signed the consent agreement. [Judge Jeffrey]
Gillen said she would be
jailed indefinitely unless she did." (Source: today's report by Mark Sedensky, AP via
Yahoo! News.)
I don't know what made the mother initially give her consent. Let me, however, quote a comment to the same report: "
Even if there is a compelling medical reason, this is still an elective
procedure. Every medical treatment should be weighed for
Benefits-Versus-Risks. A simple example is antibiotic treatment. Even if
I feel my patient may benefit from an antibiotic, I cannot administer
the antibiotic if the parent objects (as long as the kid is not in
danger of dying from the infection). Please also understand that a legal
parent is allowed to change their mind about treatment at any time.
Therefore, Ms. Hironimus is allowed to change her mind, even though she
signed an agreement a couple of years ago. Sometimes there are valid
reasons for a parent to change their minds regarding treatment, such as
new treatments being available, better diagnostics, etc. The courts
should understand that medical providers welcome parents to update their
decisions continuously." Even before I had read this comment - apparently by a doctor, I had pointed out several times that the patient or his legal representative can retract his consent at any time, and if I sign a contract for (say) cosmetic surgery and then reconsider it, nobody would have the right to drag me to the operating theater and bind me to undergo the surgery.
My online friend Jane Meyerding had similar thoughts
on another occasion: "Although incredibly resistant to change, the mass of governmental routine
can spread itself quickly to cover new situations. The Cuban "boat people"
-- the thousands of refugees who left Cuba for the U.S. in 1980 -- are a
case in point. According to a newspaper report, 354 of these Cubans were
incarcerated in the McNeil Island federal prison while the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS) routine was applied to them... I happened to answer a newspaper ad that winter
for part-time transcription typists and wound up transcribing tape
recordings of their INS hearings. The job paid $7 an hour -- more than I've
ever made, before or since.As I sat there... certain INS forms and documents came up again and again in (and as)
evidence: I-589, "the State Department letter," the Refugee Act of 1980...
I was amazed at how quickly a newly established routine can come to take
precedence over the chaotic reality of human lives.
In every case, the INS
court upheld the artifacts produced by the routine as more valid than the
living, breathing, remembering, spoken testimony of the Cubans themselves. For example: Several of the defense lawyers objected to the admission as
evidence of the I-589 forms. An I-589 is a "request for asylum" and, in
these cases, the I-589s were filled out by INS agents who were
communicating with the Cubans through interpreters (many of whom were not
fluent in modern Cuban Spanish)...
These interviews followed a period of intense stress and confusion --
imprisonment in Cuba, sudden release, and virtual expulsion in many
instances, after a televised invitation from the president of the United
States saying the U.S. would welcome them "with open arms." Then there was
the crowded and dangerous boat trip to the near-mythical "land of the free"
-- where they were immediately imprisoned. The refugees had received mixed
messages from all sides -- for example, being told "sign here or you won't
be released" and then being targeted for deportation on the basis of the
"statement" they "voluntarily" signed...Well, it seemed patently obvious to me and to the refugees' lawyers that
the I-589 forms were not worth diddlyshit as evidence. But listen to the
judge: "I will overrule the objections. I admit this document as a
statement made by the applicant. I admit it both for substantive and
impeaching purposes. And I admit it as being a government document that was
prepared
in the routine course" of INS procedures [emphasis added].
The document -- born of routine -- was considered a more trustworthy
expression of the applicant's reality than his own words spoken there in
the courtroom. And
whenever there was a discrepancy between the
routine-blessed document and the words of the human being, the judge
invariably chose to believe the piece of paper." (Emphasis mine - M.M.)
The unfortunate Cubans, at least, were not US citizens. What made US authorities subject US citizen Heather Hironimus to such outrageous, fascistic treatment? I guess, because it would be a bit of a scandal to admit that millions of US baby boys have been subjected to unnecessary and potentially risky surgery over decades. It is difficult to admit that the Emperor has no clothes.
Meanwhile, what is the moral of the story? Girls, never-ever have a baby with a man you feel you cannot trust! Use reliable contraception and if it fails, go straight to abortion, leaving aside any ethical and other considerations. If you don't want a man next to you, just a baby, use the services of a sperm bank. Apparently, this is the only way to prevent psychopaths like Dennis Nebus to poison your and the child's life and to abuse you as much as they wish, backed by the authorities. I am so sorry for Heather Hironimus and her child. I hope that this child will grow to become a strong man and will sue the hell out of his "father" and the state of Florida.
Update: A commenter at an
ABC News report puts a good question:
"
If the judge had the right to enforce the previous agreement, then why did he force the woman, under duress, to sign again? If a signature that the woman later changed her mind about was not satisfactory, how is a signature that has been obtained under duress any better? If the judge could override the woman's objection, why didn't he do just that? Forcing her to sign a consent form under duress is bizarre and cruel. I can't see how it could possibly be legal."